Tellurian



s sheets-sheen 2. l C. W. HOLBROOK.

Y(No Model.)

TELLURIAN.

Patented Mar. 6, 1888.

Lamgnpner. wmingmn. n. c.

8 sheets-sheet '8.

(No Model.) 8

'G8 W. HoL'BRooK.

TBLLURIAN. No. 878,885. Patentd Mar. 8, 1888.

UNITED STATT-is PATENT Ormea.

vCHARLES W. HOLBROOK, OF WINDSOR LOCKS, CONNECTICUT.

TELLURIAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,885, dated March 6,IESS.

Application filed December 3, 1887. Serial No. 256.879. (No model.\

.To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLEs W. Hor.- BRooK, of Windsor Locks, in thecounty of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Tellurians, of which the following is a full,clear, and exact description, whereby any one skilled in the art canmake and use the same.

The object of my invention is to provide a device that will illustrate,as closely as can be done by mechanism, the relations as to relativeposition and movement of the sun, the moon, and the earth, and toprovide a device with certain attachments to more readily carry out thegeneral object stated.

To this end my invention consists in the combination of the severalparts making up the standard whereby the map of the zodiac is maderemovable and renewable.

It further consists in the combination of the stand, the globerepresenting the earth, the

rotary arm with the intermeshing gearing,

and the removable day-circle and night-shade having the peculiarattaching device.

It further consists in the combination of the standard, the globerepresenting the earth, the rotary arm borne on the standard, and thepost supporting the lunar mechanism.

ltfurther consists in the combination of the standard having thecircular base with the peripheral groove, the rotary arm bearing thepulley and marking device, and the belt by means of which the pulley iscaused to make thirteen revolutions in completing one revolution aboutthe central standard; and it further consists in the several partsmaking up the apparatus and in their combination, as more particularlyhereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a detail side view of my improvedapparatus, arranged to represent the position of the earth withreference to the vertical rays of the sun at the summer solstice, andalso showing the geographical distribution of darkness and light. Fig. 2is a detail View, on enlarged scale, in cross-section, of the arm andthe mechanism which supports the globe and the attachments, as shown inFig. l. Fig. 3 is a view on enlarged scale, in lengthwise section, ofthe parts shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detail view in central verticalsection of the standard. Fig. 5 is a view in side elevation of myimproved apparatus, showing the arrangement of parts with-reference tothe lunar mechanism. Fig. 6 is a detail view, on enlarged scale, of theparts making up what I have termed the lunar mechanism.77 Fig. 7 is adetail diagram view illustrating the variation in the relation of theplane of the moons orbit to the plane'of ecliptic' and the mechanicalmeans by which the object is attained. Fig. 8 is a detail plan view ofthe de` vice, arranged to illustrate the track of the moon-s orbit withreference to the earths or bit. Fig. 9 is a detail side View of themarking device borne on the end of the arm. Fig. lO is a detail viewillustrating the couplingjoint or means for attaching the lengtheningbarto the horizontal arm.

In the accompanying drawings the letter A denotes the base or standardthat supports the entire mechanism,the frame a of the said standardbeing made, preferably, of metal cast to shape in skeleton form, havinga central portion, a', rising from the flat ring o?. Cn this base may besecured a cover, a3, of thin metal, that may be suitably finished, as byplating or polishing. The lower edge of a downturned flange, at, of thiscover rests upon the inner edge of the zodiacal circle b, that is anannular piece of paper or like material ou which are shown the signs ofthe zodiac. edge of this circle bis held by the inturned iiange cof thering-clamp c that forms the outer edge of the base and is secured to theframe, as by means of pins or screws c2. By means of this constructionof the parts all previous defects of fastening the map of the zodiac toa metal base are obviated, and the map can be at any time readilyremoved and replaced.

To the center of the base an upright post, D, is secured by means of anut fitting from beneath the frame onto the threaded end of a stud thatprojects through a hole in the highest part and in the center of thestandard, and, to this post D is secured a cog-wheel, d, and as a safetydevice to prevent this central post from turning, a pin, d', formed onthe lower part of the gear, projects into a socket (see Fig. 4) in theupper part of the base. post D is pivoted thehorizontal arm E,supporting on one side the downturned pointer IOO On this forming thesolar index c. The other end of the arm extends from thc center aconvenient distance and supports the rotary sleeve e', having on itsinner end a gear-wheel, e", in mesh with the gear-Wheel d, while on theouter end of this sleeve is secured a gear-wheel, e, that is adapted tomesh with a horizontal gear,f, that has fast to its upper side a hollowsleeve, j', by means of which it is pivoted to a post, f2, that is fastto the blockf, that is firmly secured to the outerend of the arm E.

The globe F, that represents the earth, is borne on an axis that issecured to the outer end of a short arm, g, this arm being provided witha socket that adapts it to fit upon the outside of the sleevef of thegearf, and to which it may be secured by means of the thumb-screw g.

The letter h denotes the day-circle-that is, a thin ring of metal risingfrom the base 7L- that has a circular socket, h2, that is open ou itsupper side and is adapted to tit upon the block f3, that is shaped tofit within the socket h, the block having the outward-projecting stopsor shoulders, f4, that prevent any rotation of the circle upon theblock.

In a socket in the base of the day'circle 7L is seated a clamp-screw, h,by means of which the exact vertical position of the circle h, withreference to the globe representing the earth, maybe deter1nined-tl1atisuthe circle is capable of a certain longitudinal adjustment along theblock to which it is fastened, as described, the circle of course beingsecured in place so that the side next the north pole shall be in aplane bisecting` the earth when in proper adjustment.

On a curved arm projecting from the ceuter of the day-circle is secureda ring of metal that is parallel to the day-circle and supports, on theside opposite the day-circle, a hollow segment of a sphere formed of anetwork of wire,which is intended and is used to repre sent the area ofdarkness. This night-shade is made of a net-work of fine wire in orderthat the surface of the earth beneath it may be seen and examined.

On the index side ofthe pivot D there is removably attached to the arm Ea vertical rod, i, that supports an adjustable pointer, that is used torepresent the central solar ray and to illustrate the point at which thesaid ray strikes the earth.

In order to adapt my improved apparatus to illustrate lunar phenomenonwith reference to the earth, the latter is removed from the post on theouter end of the arm, and is attaehed to the top central post, D, ofthestandard. The day-circle and connected parts are removed from the arm,and to the upper and threaded end of the stud f Z is secured the lowerend of the rod k, which is thus rigidly fixed to the outer end of thearm E. The tube k', that is mounted on this rod k, is, by means of aclamp-screw, 7a2, fastened to the sleeve f', that is fast to thecog-wheelf, so that the tube will turn with the cog-wheel. By means ofthe clamp 7a3, that consists of a block bearing a clamp-screw, 7a4, anda downturned pin, 7c, the small globe representing the moon M isconnected to the rod k, so that while this moonglobe is held upon andoutside of the tube k it does not turn with it. To the tube k', however,is secured the hemispherical shade Z by means of the clamp-screw Z, andthis shade surrounds and in part incloses that part of the moon which isopposite to the earth, as shown in Fig. 5. The object of thisarrangement of the lunar mechanism L is, however, to correctl yrepresent at all times with reference to the earth the relativeillumination and obsour-ation of the moous surface by the proper tints,all ofthe moous phases during one complete revolution of the moon aboutthe earth being correctly indicated with reference to any point of theearths surface. The lunar index Z is formed of a bent piece of wire, theupper arm of which is thrust through a hole in the thumb-nut l, whilethe lower arm hangs in a horizontal line directly opposite the center ofthe moon and in a horizontal plane passing through the center of themoon and of the earth, in which plane the sun, earth, and moon aresupposed to be located, and which is termed the plane of the ecliptic.

In order to remove the difficulty that has existed in prior devices inexplaining the recurrence ofthe nodes of the moon and the fact that themaximum distance of moonrise and moonset north and south of the equatoris fiftyseven degrees, and that the nodes of the moonthat is, the pointsat which the moons orbit crosses the plane of the ecliptic-are notfixed, and that they relate solely to the plane ofthe ecliptic, and notto the equator, the arm g is provided with the pin g2, adapted to fitinto a socket in the upper end of the post D. The angle that this pinr/L makes with the axis of the earth is twenty-eight and one-halfdegrees, which is tive degrees more than the inclination of the earthsaxis to the plane of the ecliptic. By attaching the globe to the post bymeans of" the pin g2 and giving to the earths axis this increasedinclination we get the same result which would be obtained by leavingthe earth in the normal position and inelining the plane of the moonsorbit with relation to the plane of the ecliptic. The latter, however,would compel the use of complicated mechanism, whereas by the simplemeans above described the several relative movements ofthe earth andmoon may be observed and the moons nodes accurately and astronomicallyascertained by means of the lunar index.

In Fig. 8 the letter u denotes a lengtheningbar that is secured to theend of the arm E, the outer end of the bar bearing a shaft, u', on thelower end of which is apulley, u2, this pulley being aboutone-thirteenth the diameter of the base of the stand A. The periphery ofthis circular base of the stand is grooved, and a belt or cord litswithin this groove and into a groove in the pulley n, so that as thearmis turned the pulley will be rotated on its shaft IOO the moon.

n. Through the hollow of the shaft n a pencil is thrust, and its pointwill designate the annual path of the earth around the sun, or theearths orbit o. A pencil, p, borne in a socket in the pulley n2, may becaused to make a line which will represent the track of the moons orbito', the pencil, for the time being and for the purposes of theillustration, representing By this simple mechanism this phenomenon canbe graphically and clearly explained to a class.

In Fig. 10 there is shown a coupling device for securing thelengtheninglbar n to the end of the arm E; and it consists of thecylindrical socket-piece a3, having a lengthwise slot, n4, through itsupper wall and firmly secured to the end of the bar a, and adapted toslip onto the block f3, in a manner similar to that in which the base ofthe day-circle is secured to the like block. It is to be understood,however, that when the lengthening-bar is used the day-circle isremoved. This coupling is provided with the clamp-screw a5, as a meansof securing it to the block.

I claim as my improvemen`t 4 1. In combination with the stand of atellurian having the marginal ring, the removable annular map of thezodiac, and the clamp whereby the map is secured to the stand, allsubstantially as described.

2. In combination, in a tellurian, the stand consisting of the framehaving an annular rim,

the raised central portion, the cover of the frame with its downturnedange, the ringclamp and its ange, and the annular map of the zodiacalcircle, all substantially as described. Y t

3. In combination with the metallic frame a, having the flat marginalring c2 and raised central part, a', the cover a3, the annular map b,the ring=clamp with clamping-edge engaging the map, and thefastening-pins, all substantially as described.

4. In combination with the stand A, having 'the removable annular map bof the zodiacal circle,the post D, secured to the center of the standand bearing the rigid cog wheel d, the rotary arm E, the solar index e,attached to the arm, the rotary sleeve c', bearing the cog-wheels el ande3, the block f3, fastfto the arm E and bearing the rotary cog-wheel f,and the arm g, supporting the globe F and removably secured to thesleeve of the cog-wheel f, all substantially as described.

5. In combination with the base A, rotary arm E, rotary cog-wheelf,borneon a stud on the arm E,the arm g, the block f3, pivoted on a naxis fast to the arm, and the removable daycircle h,removably secured tothe outer end of the arm E and bearing the nightshade made of a networkof wire, all substantially as described.

6. In combination with the rotary arm E of a tellurian, the block f3,secured thereto, the

tially as described.

8. In combination with the base A, having the central post, D, therotary arm E,pivoted on said post, the solar index e, the rotary sleevee,bearing the gears e2 e3,the arm g,with socket adapted to fit upon thepost D and supporting the globe F, and the lunar mechanism L, allsubstantially as described.

9. In a tellurian, in combination with thc rotary arm E,supporting therotary sleeve e', with the sleeve-driving mechanism of intermeshinggear-wheels, the central post, 7c, secured against rotation to a rigidprojection on the arm E,the clamp k3, connecting the moonglobe M withthe central post, 7c, and the rotary tube k', supported on the post 7cand bearin the hemispherical hollow shade Z, all substantially asdescribed.

10. In combination with the stand A, bearing the fixed gear-wheel d, therotary arm E, pivoted to said base, the solar index e, attached to therotary arm, the rotary sleeve e,bearing the gear-wheels e e3 andsupported on said arm, the lunar mechanism L, detachably secured to arigid projection on the outer end of the arm, the lunar index Z2,supported on the central post of the lunar mechanism, and the arm g,removably secured to a central post on the stand and supporting theglobe F, all substantially as described.

11. In combination with the base or stand A, the rotary arm E,thelunarmechanism operated on the outer end of the arm, and the globe F,supported on the arm g, having one socket in a line at an angle oftwenty-three and onehalf degrees with the axis of the globe, and anothermaking an angle of twenty-eight and one-half degrees with the axis ofthe globe, and whereby the said arm may be removably secured to thecentral post rising from the base or standard A, all substantially asdescribed.

12. In combination with the base A, having a peripheral groove, therotary arm E, the extension n, secured to said arm and bearing on itsouter end a shaft, n,with rotary pulley n2, having an annular groove andsupporting a pencil, p, and the cord or belt connecting the .roo

IIO

said base andthe pulley, all substantially as Witnesses:

GEORGE G. HADDOW, A. B. J nNxINs.

